Saturday, March 20, 2021

The Anthropocene Mass Extinction

    Earth cannot sustain our exploding population for many reasons, but one conquers them all.  We consume resources at far greater rates than any species in Earth history.  We not only need resources to survive, but we "need" them to look fashionable, be efficient, transport globally, stay competitive financially, politically, militarily, etc.  These are all things no other species exhibits, because as rational beings, we have divorced ourselves from nature, giving us a license to pollute and desecrate the planet.  We are so out of touch that we bury our dead bodies in coffins or burn them to ash.  And we send our natural waste to septic tanks, rather than giving it back to nature like everything else.  
    Many already know how detached we are, even those who believe global warming is a hoax.  Many feel helpless against the system we have created.  There's nothing one person can do, so why bother? 
    A part of me thinks our lineage will not last longer than the dinosaurs, because we haven't been successful at living in communion with nature; therefore, I see no reason why it would want us to stick around.  However I am an optimist, so I will share with you a useful comparison to us in Earth's history.  The End-Devonian mass extinction may have been the only other one caused by living organisms.  This was a time when trees got taller and expanded into large forests.  They sucked a lot of CO2 from the atmosphere, sinking global temperatures (note the opposite thing we are doing- raising it).  They also contributed to anoxia in the ocean by pouring too many nutrients into it at once.  Treehuggers beware; at first, they were devastating to the environment.  But over time, many species developed symbiotic relationships with trees, least of all us.  Dinosaurs did not offer the evolutionary record something as radical as photosynthesis, or, in our case dexterity, intelligence, and frankly, garbage.  That's why they were selected for extinction.  Our contributions will probably revolutionize new lineages, including our own.  But it is a painful path we are walking down to get there.  I don't think technology will save us, only the slow realization that we are contributing to our own apocalypse.  That's when population rates will slow down, and hopefully consumer driven lifestyles with it. 

Monday, March 1, 2021

Formation of the Solar System

    The solar system is thought to have formed out of a solar nebula, an extensive cloud of dust and gas that served as a nursery for star formation.  A hot star in this nursery quickly burned its fuel, which exploded into supernova.  The supernova created the ingredients for our solar system, stirring the elements up in a cloud of gas that was more destabilized than before.  This cloud shrank into a flat disk due to gravity and the angular momentum caused by its rotation.  Gravity brought many of these particles together in a central location, in what eventually became the sun.  The heat from the sun is thought to have created "clumps of dust not much larger than a grain of wheat, flash-heated into droplets of molten rock, called chondrules" (TDC).  These chondrules accreted away from the sun, forming a vast swarm of asteroids that orbited it.  Most of these asteroids accreted into larger bodies due to the force of gravity.  The largest of them were rocky spheres called protoplanets, which kept building from the collisions of smaller asteroids.  It took a long time for their cores to develop, through a process called differentiation.  Differentiation is when the denser material of a protoplanet sinks to the center while the lighter material rises to the surface, resulting in layers like those on Earth (core, mantle, crust, atmosphere).  Because there was so much material that needed to be differentiated, the protoplanets were originally much larger than the planets we see today (Levin, 2013, p. 219).  


Sources: 

TDC.  November 23, 2014.  The Formation of the Solar System.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1QTc5YeO6w 

Levin, Harold.  2013.  The Earth Through Time.  p. 219